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	<title>yurisk.info &#187; Cisco</title>
	<atom:link href="http://yurisk.info/tag/cisco/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://yurisk.info</link>
	<description>Yuri Slobodyanyuk&#039;s blog on IT Security and Networking</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:28:48 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en</language>
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		<item>
		<title>Configure DVTI hairpinning on Cisco router for safe browsing</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2011/08/13/configure-dvti-hairpinning-on-cisco-router-for-safe-browsing/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2011/08/13/configure-dvti-hairpinning-on-cisco-router-for-safe-browsing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2011 08:29:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video How-to]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1686</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[guten Tag everyone, today i am posting the video showing how to configure Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface (DVTI) on Cisco IOS router. DVTI for remote access has been available for a long time already and actually comes to gradually replace the old way of dynamic crypto maps, but as always people are hard to get [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>guten Tag everyone, today i am posting the video showing how to configure Dynamic Virtual Tunnel Interface (DVTI) on Cisco IOS router. DVTI for remote access has been available for a long time already and actually comes to gradually replace the old way of dynamic crypto maps, but as always people are hard to get out of the rut so mainly this great feature goes unnoticed.<br />
In this specific setup I  am using DVTI for hairpinning &#8211; i.e. I will connect using CIsco VPN client to the router and will tunnel ALL of my traffic through this connection, no split tunnel.<br />
The main benefit of DVTI here is that using DVTI interface I can assign it ip nat inside and router will take care of NAT translating my traffic when sending it clear text to the Internet.<br />
Enjoy <br />
As always you can watch all my videos on Vimeo &#8211; <a href="http://vimeo.com/yurisk"> vimeo.com/yurisk.info</a>, also you can download there videos as files.<br />
Reference on Cisco: <a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6586/ps6635/prod_white_paper0900aecd803645b5.html" target=_blank> DVTI on CIsco.com</a></p>
<p><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/27369998" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0"></iframe></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Encrypting preshared keys stored on the cisco IOS router</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2011/07/15/encypting-preshared-keys-stored-on-the-cisco-ios-router/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2011/07/15/encypting-preshared-keys-stored-on-the-cisco-ios-router/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2011 08:37:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video How-to]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1668</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You never know where your router may end up . It may be RMA&#8217;ed without proper wiping the configuration first, it may be plain simple stolen. In any of these or other unfortunate cases the last thing you would want is for the attacker get passwords or other security information stored on the router. One [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You never know where your router may end up . It may be RMA&#8217;ed without proper wiping the configuration first, it may be plain simple stolen. In any of these or other unfortunate cases the last thing you would want is for the attacker get passwords or other security information stored on the router.<br />
One piece of such information is preshared key(s) , that by default are stored in clear text.<br />
To address this potential threat Cisco, starting IOS 12.3, provide AES encryption feature on IOS routers to encrypt the stored preshared keys. In video below I recorded you can see the walkthrough to enable and manage this security feature.<br />
Enjoy. As always suggestions, critics, comments are welcome .<br />
NB &#8211; Narration is in English.</p>
<p><iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/26338845" width="500" height="306" frameborder="0"></iframe></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Cisco Netflow performance data</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2011/03/13/cisco-netflow-performance-data/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2011/03/13/cisco-netflow-performance-data/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Mar 2011 10:45:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Netflow]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1529</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not much of a post but link to the Cisco site stating how much Netflow loads the Cisco routers: Netflow data sheet I, personally, do a lot of Netflow monitoring and can say that on unloaded routers , passing 2-5 mbits/sec of traffic, the additional load will be some 1-2% of CPU cycles. For the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not much of a post but link to the Cisco site stating how much Netflow loads the Cisco routers:<br />
<a href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/technologies/tk543/tk812/technologies_white_paper0900aecd802a0eb9.html" target=_blank> Netflow data sheet</a><br />
I, personally, do a lot of Netflow monitoring and can say that on unloaded routers , passing 2-5 mbits/sec of traffic, the additional load will be some 1-2% of CPU cycles.  For the most loaded pair of routers I do monitoring for , two Cisco 2800 passing about 70 Mbits/sec of traffic and creating about 900 Mbytes of Netflow data a day each,  enabling Netflow added 8% of CPU load and they cope with it perfectly well.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>My Amazon book list for CCIE Security Lab exam</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2011/02/18/my-amazon-book-list-for-ccie-security-lab-exam/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2011/02/18/my-amazon-book-list-for-ccie-security-lab-exam/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Feb 2011 11:24:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ASA/PIX Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco ASA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1527</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not limited to CCIE Security Lab only, of course, here is the list of books I find really useful in preparing for the Lab . Amazon Listmania list]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not limited to CCIE Security Lab only, of course, here is the list of books I find really useful in preparing for the Lab .<br />
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/lm/R3OGPQZ5TKRS1I/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_lm_QqLxnb0FB4ZS3"target=_blank> Amazon Listmania list </a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>The easiest way to disclose Cisco routers on the network and how to fix it</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2010/10/29/the-easiest-way-to-disclose-cisco-route-on-the-network-and-how-to-fix-it/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2010/10/29/the-easiest-way-to-disclose-cisco-route-on-the-network-and-how-to-fix-it/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 29 Oct 2010 15:43:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scan of the week]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1376</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Cisco gear has a well-known behaviour pattern that when you telnet to some weird and positively closed port on Cisco you get the uniform response of “Connection refused” . To add more precision it happens when a terminal line management access is enabled on the Cisco but your IP is not in the access-list allowing [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cisco gear has a well-known behaviour pattern that when you telnet to some weird and positively closed port on Cisco you get the uniform response of “Connection refused” . To add more precision it happens when a terminal line management access is enabled on the Cisco but your IP is not in the access-list allowing access to the device. The funny thing about that is that only Cisco seem to do it , and given so, it makes exposing a Cisco device a no-brainer. I tested it on few dozens of Cisco routers (I don’t talk about other equipment from the Golden Gate folks) and it only confirmed this observation. Also I tested telnetting to the other vendors’ equipment and always got back time out. So far I’ve tried Juniper, Brocade, IBM, Huawei. To somehow fix this situation Cisco  actually have a feature in their Control Plane Protection toolbox just for that. Below I bring the configuration from IOS router that causes the router to time out connection attempts to the closed ports.</p>
<div class="cmdout">
class-map type port-filter match-any CLOSED_PORTS<br />
 match  closed-ports<br />
policy-map type port-filter FILTER_CLOSED_PORTS<br />
 class CLOSED_PORTS<br />
   drop<br />
control-plane host<br />
 service-policy type port-filter input FILTER_CLOSED_PORTS</div>
<p><strong>Testing.</strong><br />
Before the configuration:</p>
<div class="cmd"># telnet 19.6.24.51 444<br />
Trying 19.6.24.51&#8230;<br />
telnet: connect to address 19.6.24.51: Connection refused</div>
<p>After the configuration:</p>
<div class="cmd">[root@darkstar ~]# telnet 19.6.24.51 444<br />
Trying 19.6.24.51&#8230;<br />
telnet: connect to address 19.6.24.51: Connection timed out<br />
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out</div>
<p>NB Unfortunately it is a half-solution cause if telnet access is enabled on the Cisco then connection attempts to the port 23 will elicit the same “Connection refused” . To close even this disclosure hole , disable telnet as the management protocol and switch to SSH.<br />
NB2 The good news for the pentesters out there is that rare ISP implement such protections</p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>How come   assigning VPN user to specific group takes just one command but no one does it ?</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2010/10/04/how-come-assigning-vpn-user-to-specific-group-takes-just-one-command-but-no-one-does-it/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2010/10/04/how-come-assigning-vpn-user-to-specific-group-takes-just-one-command-but-no-one-does-it/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Oct 2010 10:36:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ASA/PIX Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IOS Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco ASA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1171</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Group locking, as Cisco call it, has been available since ancient IOS 12.2(13)T (circa 2003) and still – most of the set ups I see of clients’ VPN servers at most use different VPN groups for different privilege access requirements and blissfully ignore the fact that all it takes to get more enabled access is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Group locking</strong>, as Cisco call it, has been available since ancient IOS 12.2(13)T (circa 2003) and still – most of the set ups I see of clients’ VPN servers at most use different VPN groups for different privilege access requirements and blissfully ignore the fact that all it takes to get more enabled access is to know the pre-shared key of the other VPN group. And believe me &#8211; it is not that hard when group pre-share key (PSK) is known to half of the company. So if you happen to stumble on this post bear with me and let’s fast forward from accepted practices of 90’s to 2010.<br />
Below are possible ways to lock users connecting to Cisco device (IOS router and ASA to be precise) to predefined VPN groups and do it forcefully so that even if the end user knows the PSK of other VPN group(s) she won’t be able to connect with it.</p>
<p><strong>Case 1. Cisco IOS router acting as Ezvpn server , users are authenticated locally by the router.</strong> Let&#8217;s name it &#8211; group is JUNIPER , and the local user is John.Chambers and we want to confine this user to this group for ever.<br />
Enable group locking for specific group (don&#8217;t forget to do the same for all VPN groups)</p>
<div class="cmd">R1(config)#crypto isakmp client configuration group JUNIPER<br />
R1(config-isakmp-group)#group-lock</div>
<p>Now restrict user to be able to use this group only. For that you have to reconfigure user to look like username followed by delimeter (that can be any of @, %, /, \) and then group name , to be concrete</p>
<div class="cmd">R1(config)#username John.Chambers@JUNIPER secret Idontworkforsalaryanymore</div>
<p>from now on user John.Chambers will be able to authenticate with Cisco only using John.Chambers@JUNIPER . It overrides any user for VPN connection that already exists, that is if there is already user John.Chambers it will not be able to connect with the group JUNIPER . On the other hand anyone getting PSK of the VPN group JUNIPER will fail authentication if the user is not explicitly reconfigured in the new format.<br />
<strong>Case 2 . Cisco IOS router users are authenticated using external Radius server.</strong> Unlike local authentication, with Radius you create the user as usual – John.Chambers but then assign it in the Settings cisco-av-pair attribute called user-vpn-group, like this:<br />
<strong>ipsec:user-vpn-group=JUNIPER</strong><br />
<strong>Case 3.ASA Local username authentication.</strong><br />
No fancy username/group configuration here, you just lock username to a group under general attributes of the user.</p>
<div class="cmd">ASA1(config)# username John.Chambers password Idontworkforsalaryanymore<br />
ASA1(config)# username John.Chambers attributes<br />
ASA1(config-username)# group-lock value JUNIPER</div>
<p><strong>Case 4. ASA Radius authentication . </strong><br />
Here also the VPn group is forced for the user settings using the following attribute:<br />
<strong>[3076\085] Tunnel-Group-Lock JUNIPER</strong></p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<title>snmp-map in ASA is for passing through traffic only</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/28/snmp-map-in-asa-is-for-passing-through-traffic-only/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/28/snmp-map-in-asa-is-for-passing-through-traffic-only/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2010 04:53:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ASA/PIX Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco ASA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1127</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I don’t know who to blame – me for not being attentive or Cisco documentation for being vague, but when I read about snmp-map inspection that allows you to block selectively by SNMP version I decided it was the way to protect ASA itself from such queries. And only with the help of Netpro forum [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don’t know who to blame – me for not being attentive or Cisco documentation for being vague, but when I read about snmp-map inspection that allows you to block selectively by SNMP version I decided it was the way to protect ASA itself from such queries. And only with the help of Netpro forum at Cisco.com did I learn that this feature is designed to inspect the SNMP traffic that passes THROUGH the ASA and not destined to the ASA itself.<br />
So if you want to limit what version of SNMP ASA will use to answer queries , use usual snmp-server host …<br />
For those who do want to block passing through the ASA SNMP of say version 1 and 2c , here is how:</p>
<div class="cmd">Louvre(config)#&nbsp;&nbsp; snmp-map no-v1or2-here<br />
deny version 1 <br />
deny version 2c</div>
<p> Now define with access-list what traffic to inspect, you may use specific IPs or just general SNMP ports – udp 161 and 162:</p>
<div class="cmd">Louvre#&nbsp;&nbsp;sh run access-list no-v3 <br />
access-list no-v1or2-here extended permit udp any any eq snmptrap<br />
access-list no-v1or2-here extended permit udp any any eq snmp</div>
<p> Bind ACL to class-map:</p>
<div class="cmd">Louvre(config)#&nbsp;&nbsp;class-map snmp-block-v2or1<br />
match access-list no-v1or2-here</div>
<p>Use the class-map in policy map with enabling snmp-map inspection :</p>
<div class="cmd">Louvre(config)#&nbsp;&nbsp;policy-map no-snmp-v2or1<br />
class snmp-block-v2or1<br />
  inspect snmp no-v1or2-here</div>
<p>And finally apply the policy map on some interface</p>
<div class="cmd">Louvre(config)#&nbsp;&nbsp;service-policy no-snmp-v2or1interface outside</div>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>ASA 8.2 now speaks SNMP v3 decently</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/25/asa-8-2-now-speaks-snmp-v3-decently/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/25/asa-8-2-now-speaks-snmp-v3-decently/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Aug 2010 18:43:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ASA/PIX Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco ASA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1110</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ASA 8.2 speaks SNMP v3 decently This article is all about SNMP in ASA. ASA has much less configuration options than IOS does, and this is good. Starting version 8.2 ASA supports version 3 of the SNMP protocol which adds new security model to the whole SNMP stack. But first we will start with old [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ASA 8.2 speaks SNMP v3 decently<br />
This article is all about SNMP in ASA. ASA has much less configuration options than IOS does, and this is good. Starting version 8.2 ASA supports version 3 of the SNMP protocol which adds new security model to the whole SNMP stack.  But first we will start with old fashioned SNMP v2c (c is for ‘community’) . It takes about 15 secs to do it:</p>
<div class="cmd">
snmp-server location  “935 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW”<br />
snmp-server contact “Don’t call us we’ll call you”<br />
snmp-server community ***** &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Note this community will be used if more specific one isn’t given per host<br />
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart &nbsp;&nbsp;//specific traps<br />
snmp-server enable &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// you enable server<br />
snmp-server listen-port 161  &nbsp;&nbsp;// in case you want to change, who knows …<br />
snmp-server host outside 195.95.193.8 community ****** version 1 udp-port 162 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // only now SNMP polling is enabled and to the given host , also version 1 and port 162 on SNMP management (195.95.193.8) to send traps<br />
no snmp-server enable traps ipsec start stop &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// To disable specific traps </div>
<p>As you already know this setup will exchange community strings in clear text and also no packet is cryptographically authenticated/verified. What a shame for “Adaptive Security Appliance” . The fix is on the way. It is called SNMP v3 and has 3 security levels to choose from:<br />
<strong>noAuthNoPriv</strong> – packets are neither authenticated  nor  encrypted . Basically the model used so far by SNMP v1 and v2c – everything clear text.<br />
<strong>authNoPriv</strong>   &#8211;  packets are authenticated , that is user is sent in clear text but its password is not , (configurable) MD5 or SHA algorithm.<br />
<strong>authPriv</strong> &#8211; the highest level, all SNMP packets are both authenticated using MD5 or SHA and their content is encrypted with DES/3DES/AES (128,196,256) algorithm.<br />
Using the list above let’s configure our ASA for each level .<br />
General steps:</p>
<ul>
<li>Configure snmp-server group for every security level you want to use ;</li>
<li>Creatre user for each security level you wan to use and assign it to the snmp-server group of your choice</li>
<li>Create usual snmp-server host entry but adding version 3 and username to be used by this host. <strong>NOTE</strong> You can have only one such command per host but no matter which out of 3 security levels you specify in this command it will allow the other 2 to be used in querying as well</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>noAuthNoPriv.</strong></p>
<div class="cmd">snmp-server group v3-noauth v3 noauth <br />
snmp-server user Jambo v3-noauth v3<br />
snmp-server host outside 199.252.47.11 version 3 Jambo </div>
<p>Querying the ASA:</p>
<div class="cmd">snmpwalk -v 3 -u Jambo -l noauthnopriv  155.7.145.89</div>
<p><strong>authNoPriv.</strong></p>
<div class="cmd">snmp-server group V3-auth v3 auth<br />
snmp-server user AUTH V3-auth v3 auth md5 12345678<br /> <br />
 Minimum pass length is 8 , and while ASA seems not to care it is a violation and snmpwalk will complain on pass &lt; 8 and bail out .<br />
snmp-server host outside 199.252.47.11 version 3 AUTH</div>
<p>Querying the ASA:</p>
<div class="cmd">snmpwalk -v 3 -u AUTH -a md5 -A 12345678 -l authnopriv  155.7.145.89</div>
<p><strong>authPriv.</strong><br />
Here everything will be encrypted.</p>
<div class="cmd">snmp-server group v3-priv v3 priv<br />
snmp-server user very_secure v3-priv v3  auth md5 12345678 v3-priv v3  auth md5 12345678 priv aes 128 12345678<br />
snmp-server host outside 199.252.47.11 version 3 very_secure</div>
<p>N.B. To my surprise there is no such thing as <strong> debug snmp</strong> . Actually it does exist, but entering this command gives no error and produces no debug either.<br />
Noticed by the way. In logs you can see all the passwords you entered while configuring SNMP, not very secure I would rather say .</p>
<div class="cmd">(config)# sh log | grep snmp</div>
<div class="cmdout">%ASA-5-111008: User &#8216;enable_15&#8242; executed the &#8216;snmp-server user AUTH V3-auth v3 auth md5 12345678&#8242; command.</div>
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		<title>sla monitor in Cisco ASA land</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/24/sla-monitor-in-cisco-asa-land/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/24/sla-monitor-in-cisco-asa-land/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Aug 2010 13:14:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ASA/PIX Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco ASA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[SLA monitoring is finally here. What is it useful for ? To add/remove dynamically routes in ASA depending on results of the SLA status. Below is configuration steps but while there are many words in the command itself there are not much options there , so the command is long but pretty uniform. TokyoASA1(config)# sla [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>SLA monitoring is finally here. What is it useful for ? To add/remove dynamically routes in ASA depending on results of the SLA status.<br />
Below is configuration steps but while there are many words in the command itself there are not much options there , so the command is long but pretty uniform.</p>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config)# sla monitor 33<br />
TokyoASA1(config-sla-monitor)# type echo protocol  ipIcmpEcho 150.6.2.2 int  outside type echo<br />
TokyoASA1(config-sla-monitor-echo)# ? </div>
<div class="cmdout"> default            Set a command to its defaults <br />
  exit               Exit probe configuration  <br />
  frequency          Frequency of an operation <br />
  no                 Negate a command or set its defaults <br />
  num-packets        Number of Packets <br />
  request-data-size  Request data size <br />
  threshold          Operation threshold in milliseconds <br />
  timeout            Timeout of an operation <br />
  tos                Type Of Service  </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config-sla-monitor-echo)# frequency ? </div>
<div class="cmdout">sla-monitor-echo mode commands/options: <br />
  &lt;1-604800&gt;  Frequency in seconds </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config)# sla monitor schedule 33 ?  </div>
<div class="cmdout"> ageout      How long to keep this Entry when inactive <br />
  life        Length of time to execute in seconds <br />
  recurring   Probe to be scheduled automatically every day <br />
  start-time  When to start this entry
  </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config)# sla monitor schedule 33 life forever start after 00:05:00 </div>
<p>Now create tracking process to be later applied to the static route:</p>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config)# track 1 rtr 33 reachability </div>
<p>And finally we create static route and attach to it the created track :</p>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config)# route outside 0 0  136.6.123.3 track 1</div>
<p>Now let&#8217;s see some statistics on the track:</p>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# sh track </div>
<div class="cmdout">Track 1 <br />
  Response Time Reporter 33 reachability <br />
  Reachability is Down <br />
  1 change, last change 00:04:03 <br />
  Latest operation return code: Unknown <br />
  Tracked by: <br />
    STATIC-IP-ROUTING 0 </div>
<p>The final configuration looks like</p>
<div class="cmdout">sla monitor 33 <br />
 type echo protocol ipIcmpEcho 150.6.2.2 interface outside <br />
 num-packets 3 <br />
 request-data-size 1500 <br />
 timeout 30 <br />
 frequency 5 <br />
sla monitor schedule 33 life forever start-time after 00:05:00 </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# sh sla monitor configuration</div>
<div class="cmdout">SA Agent, Infrastructure Engine-II<br />
Entry number: 33 <br />
Owner:  <br />
Tag:  <br />
Type of operation to perform: echo <br />
Target address: 150.6.2.2 <br />
Interface: outside <br />
Number of packets: 3 <br />
Request size (ARR data portion): 1500 <br />
Operation timeout (milliseconds): 30 <br />
Type Of Service parameters: 0&#215;0 <br />
Verify data: No <br />
Operation frequency (seconds): 5 <br />
Next Scheduled Start Time: Start Time already passed <br />
Group Scheduled : FALSE <br />
Life (seconds): Forever <br />
Entry Ageout (seconds): never <br />
Recurring (Starting Everyday): FALSE <br />
Status of entry (SNMP RowStatus): Active <br />
Enhanced History:</div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# sh sla monitor configuration  operational-state </div>
<div class="cmdout">Entry number: 33 <br />
Modification time: 15:14:04.168 UTC Sun May 23 2010 <br />
Number of Octets Used by this Entry: 1480 <br />
Number of operations attempted: 48 <br />
Number of operations skipped: 0 <br />
Current seconds left in Life: Forever <br />
Operational state of entry: Active <br />
Last time this entry was reset: Never <br />
Connection loss occurred: FALSE <br />
Timeout occurred: FALSE <br />
Over thresholds occurred: FALSE <br />
Latest RTT (milliseconds): 1 <br />
Latest operation start time: 15:22:59.169 UTC Sun May 23 2010 <br />
Latest operation return code: OK <br />
RTT Values: <br />
RTTAvg: 1RTTMin: 1RTTMax: 1 <br />
NumOfRTT: 3RTTSum: 3RTTSum2: 3 </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# debug sla monitor ? </div>
<div class="cmdout">  error  Output IP SLA Monitor Error Messages<br />
  trace  Output IP SLA Monitor Trace Messages </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# debug sla monitor trace </div>
<div class="cmdout">TokyoASA1# IP SLA Monitor(33) Scheduler: Starting an operation <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: Sending an echo operation <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: RTT=0 OK <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: RTT=0 OK <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: RTT=1 OK <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) Scheduler: Updating result <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) Scheduler: Starting an operation <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: Sending an echo operation <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: RTT=0 OK <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: RTT=0 OK <br />
IP SLA Monitor(33) echo operation: RTT=1 OK </div>
<p>And by the way it really works &#8211; when track is down the route to which it is attached magically disappeared<br />
from the routing table as should.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Teach ASA to speak NTP</title>
		<link>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/24/teach-asa-to-speak-ntp/</link>
		<comments>http://yurisk.info/2010/08/24/teach-asa-to-speak-ntp/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Aug 2010 06:14:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Yuri</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ASA/PIX Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cisco ASA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://yurisk.info/?p=1091</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Time is precious, even more when you need accurate logging to know when someone breaks into your systems. Let&#8217;s configure NTP time synchronization on our ASA 5510. Configs are pretty simple, but worth remembering a thing or two. ASA can not be NTP server as opposed to IOS. You can use prefer optional keyword with [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Time is precious, even more when you need accurate logging to know when someone breaks into your systems. Let&#8217;s configure NTP time synchronization on our ASA 5510.<br />
Configs are pretty simple, but worth remembering a thing or two.</p>
<ul>
<li>ASA can not be NTP server as opposed to IOS. </li>
<li>You can use prefer optional keyword with ntp server command but &#8230; it works if you have multiple servers having &#8220;the same accuracy&#8221; by Cisco.com words. In people&#8217;s language they mean the same stratum. If your ASA has 2 servers &#8211; one of stratum 2 and other of stratum 3 , even if you put stratum 3 server as preferred the one of stratum 2 will be selected.</li>
<li>Authentication is available but oprional. The only algorithm of choice is MD5.</li>
<li>You can have multiple trusted keys at the same time, I guess they will be tried in turn (needs verification).</li>
</ul>
<p>Ok then, back to CLI &#8211; NTP server is 153.6.3.3, use authentication, MD5.</p>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1(config)# ntp authentication-key 1 md5 CISCO <br />
TokyoASA1(config)# ntp trusted-key 1 <br />
TokyoASA1(config)# ntp server 153.6.3.3 ? <br />
  key     Configure peer authentication key <br />
  prefer  Prefer this peer when possible <br />
  source  Interface for source address <br />
  &lt;cr&gt;<br />
TokyoASA1(config)# ntp server 153.6.3.3 key 1<br />
TokyoASA1(config)# ntp authenticate</div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# debug ntp ? <br />
  adjust          NTP clock adjustments <br />
  authentication  NTP authentication <br />
  events          NTP events <br />
  loopfilter      NTP loop filter <br />
  packets         NTP packets <br />
  params          NTP clock parameters <br />
  select          NTP clock selection <br />
  sync            NTP clock synchronization <br />
  validity        NTP peer clock validity</div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# sh ntp stat </div>
<div class="cmdout">Clock is unsynchronized, stratum 16, no reference clock <br />
nominal freq is 99.9984 Hz, actual freq is 99.9984 Hz, precision is 2**6 <br />
reference time is cfa3cae4.3dd6a89e (15:40:20.241 UTC Sun Aug 23 2010) <br />
clock offset is -377969342.9594 msec, root delay is 2.04 msec <br />
root dispersion is 15262547.68 msec, peer dispersion is 16000.00 msec </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# sh ntp ass </div>
<div class="cmdout">      address         ref clock     st  when  poll reach  delay  offset    disp <br />
 ~153.6.3.3        .LOCL.            1    26    64    0     2.0  -37796  16000. <br />
 * master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, &#8211; candidate, ~ configured </div>
<p>Some debug comes next &#58; </p>
<div class="cmdout">TokyoASA1# NTP: Authentication key 1 <br />
NTP: 153.6.3.3 reachable <br />
NTP: sync change <br />
NTP: peer stratum change </div>
<div class="cmd">TokyoASA1# sh ntp stat </div>
<div class="cmdout">Clock is synchronized, stratum 2, reference is 153.6.3.3 <br />
nominal freq is 99.9984 Hz, actual freq is 99.9984 Hz, precision is 2**6 <br />
reference time is cf9e06b2.e6239822 (06:41:54.898 UTC Wed May 19 2010) <br />
clock offset is -2.9681 msec, root delay is 1.95 msec <br />
root dispersion is 21.58 msec, peer dispersion is 18.57 msec </div>
]]></content:encoded>
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